How Do You Choose the Right Contraception for Your Sexual Health?

Hey there! Navigating the world of contraception can be overwhelming. With so many options available, figuring out which one is best for you can feel like a daunting task. Whether you’re looking for a method that suits your lifestyle, supports your sexual health, or minimizes side effects, it’s important to have all the facts. Let’s explore the various contraception options, how they affect your sexual health, their benefits, potential side effects, and tips on choosing the right one for your needs.

Understanding the Basics of Contraception

Contraception, or birth control, is designed to prevent pregnancy. It can also support your sexual and reproductive health by regulating periods, managing hormonal imbalances, and reducing the risk of certain conditions. But contraception isn’t one-size-fits-all. Each method works differently, and the best choice depends on your body, lifestyle, and health priorities.

Types of Contraceptives:

1. Barrier Methods

Barrier methods physically block sperm from reaching the egg. These are non-hormonal and widely available.

• Condoms (Male and Female):

  • Benefits: Protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

  • Side Effects: Latex allergies may cause irritation; hypoallergenic options are available.

  • Sexual Health Impact: No effect on libido or hormonal balance; enhances safety during sex.

• Diaphragm and Cervical Cap:

  • Benefits: Reusable and hormone-free.

  • Side Effects: May increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) if not used correctly.

  • Sexual Health Impact: Requires forethought, which some find inconvenient.

2. Hormonal Contraceptives

Hormonal methods work by altering your body’s natural hormonal cycle to prevent ovulation or make it difficult for sperm to fertilize an egg.

• Birth Control Pills:

  • Benefits: Highly effective, regulates periods, and reduces acne.

  • Side Effects: May cause mood swings, weight changes, or headaches.

  • Sexual Health Impact: Some women experience changes in libido; consult a doctor if this occurs.

• Birth Control Patch:

  • Benefits: Easy to use; requires weekly application.

  • Side Effects: Skin irritation at the application site, potential for similar side effects as the pill.

  • Sexual Health Impact: Discreet and doesn’t interfere during sex.

• Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing):

  • Benefits: Monthly use, low-maintenance.

  • Side Effects: Possible vaginal irritation or discharge.

  • Sexual Health Impact: Comfortable for most users during intimacy.

• Injectable Contraceptives (Depo-Provera):

  • Benefits: Lasts three months; doesn’t require daily attention.

  • Side Effects: Weight gain, bone density loss with prolonged use.

  • Sexual Health Impact: May cause changes in libido for some users.

3. Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs)

LARCs are highly effective and require little maintenance once in place.

• Intrauterine Devices (IUDs):

  • Hormonal IUDs:

    • Benefits: Can lighten or stop periods; effective for 3–7 years.

    • Side Effects: Cramps or spotting after insertion.

    • Sexual Health Impact: Doesn’t interfere with spontaneity.

  • Copper IUDs:

    • Benefits: Hormone-free, effective for up to 10 years.

    • Side Effects: Heavier periods and cramps initially.

    • Sexual Health Impact: No hormonal changes; suitable for those avoiding hormones.

• Implants (Nexplanon):

  • Benefits: Effective for up to 3 years; discreet.

  • Side Effects: Irregular bleeding, potential weight gain.

  • Sexual Health Impact: No daily upkeep required.

4. Emergency Contraceptives

Used after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure to prevent pregnancy.

• Emergency Pills (Plan B, Ella):

  • Benefits: Effective when taken shortly after unprotected sex.

  • Side Effects: Nausea, headache, changes in menstrual cycle.

  • Sexual Health Impact: Not intended for regular use; doesn’t protect against STIs.

• Copper IUD:

  • Benefits: Can act as emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days.

  • Side Effects: Similar to regular copper IUD use.

5. Permanent Methods

These are surgical procedures intended for those who are certain they don’t want children or additional children.

• Tubal Ligation:

  • Benefits: Permanent and highly effective.

  • Side Effects: Surgical risks like infection.

  • Sexual Health Impact: No ongoing maintenance, doesn’t affect libido.

• Hysteroscopic Sterilization (Essure):

  • Benefits: Non-surgical option.

  • Side Effects: Rare cases of pelvic pain or device migration.

  • Sexual Health Impact: No impact on hormone levels.

Choosing the Right Contraceptive for You

Selecting the best contraception is a personal decision influenced by factors like your lifestyle, health history, and priorities.

Questions to Consider:

1. What Are Your Health Needs?

   • Do you have conditions like PCOS, endometriosis, or a history of blood clots? Hormonal options may help with symptoms, but some are unsuitable for specific health conditions.

2. What’s Your Lifestyle Like?

   • If you’re forgetful with daily pills, a LARC like an IUD or implant may be more practical.

3. Are You Looking for STI Protection?

   • Barrier methods like condoms are your best bet for protecting against sexually transmitted infections.

4. What’s Your Budget?

   • Contraceptive costs vary. Many insurance plans cover contraception, but check which methods are fully covered.

5. How Important Is Convenience?

   • Consider how much maintenance you’re comfortable with. Pills require daily commitment, while LARCs are low-maintenance.

Balancing Benefits and Side Effects

Every contraceptive comes with pros and cons. It’s important to weigh these carefully and consult a healthcare provider to find what works best for you. Remember, what works for someone else might not work for you—and that’s okay!

My Experience with the Copper IUD

I once used the copper IUD (DIU de cobre in spanish), but I decided to have it removed. While doctors assured me it was safe and localized, I personally felt that it caused inflammation beyond just the uterus. The copper IUD works by creating a localized inflammatory reaction in the uterus to make it hostile to sperm. However, in my experience, I felt that this inflammation extended to other areas, leaving me feeling uncomfortable and off-balance.

Additionally, I’ve dealt with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and hormonal imbalances in the past. These conditions made me even more sensitive to changes in my body, and I couldn’t shake the feeling that the IUD was exacerbating these issues. While medical professionals often emphasize that the copper IUD doesn’t affect the entire body, studies suggest that some women may experience systemic effects like chronic inflammation or heightened menstrual symptoms.

That’s why I now rely solely on condoms. They may not be the most convenient option, but for me, they are the gentlest on my body. Condoms not only avoid introducing hormones or causing internal irritation, but they also provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Research on Copper IUDs and Systemic Inflammation

The copper IUD is considered a safe and effective non-hormonal contraceptive by major medical organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO). However, it’s worth acknowledging that individual experiences can vary, and some research supports the concerns of women who feel that systemic inflammation is an issue:

1. Local vs. Systemic Inflammation:

   • The copper IUD works by creating localized inflammation in the uterus, which prevents sperm from fertilizing an egg (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). However, some studies, such as one published in the Journal of Reproductive Immunology, indicate that for certain women, this inflammatory response may extend beyond the uterus, potentially causing symptoms like pelvic discomfort and heightened immune activity.

2. Exacerbation of Menstrual Symptoms:

   • A review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found that copper IUD users may experience heavier and more painful periods. For women with conditions like IBS or hormonal imbalances, this can feel even more pronounced.

3. Individual Sensitivities:

   • Every woman’s body reacts differently to foreign objects like an IUD. For some, the copper device might exacerbate pre-existing sensitivities or create discomfort.

While the copper IUD is effective and hormone-free, it’s not the best fit for everyone. If you feel like it’s not working for you, trust your instincts—your comfort and health should always come first.